| | | 1100  A-S C
| Events occurring at some time during this year Construction of Carew Castle Gerard of Windsor built a motte and bailey castle on the Daugleddau creek in south Wales around this time. The land on which the castle was built was given to Gerard when he married Princess Nest. 1See AlsoCarisbrooke Castle given to de Redvers Henry I granted the ownership of the castle on the Isle of Wight to Richard de Redvers a Norman nobleman. See Also
The abbey church at Gloucester built by Abbot Serlo was dedicated by Samson the Bishop of Worcester, Gundulph the Bishop of Rochester and Harvey Bishop of Bangor.
See AlsoJul 18 - Godfrey of Bouillon dies 
Godfrey of Bouillon died just a year after the crusaders had captured Jerusalem. Agreeing who should succeed Godfrey as ruler of Jerusalem was not easy. The head of the Church in Jerusalem, Dagobert of Pisa, claimed that the Church itself should rule and as he was its representative he should have the job. Godfrey's brother, Baldwin of Edessa, had other ideas and travelled to Jerusalem with an army to claim the throne.2
See AlsoAug - William buried at Winchester
William Rufus was buried under the tower of Winchester Cathedral. The tower fell down (either in 1101 or 1107 ?). The cause was blamed on the wickedness of the King's bones but was probably due to poor construction or uncertain foundations.
See AlsoAug 2 - William II (Rufus) is killed while hunting
William II (Rufus) was (accidentally ?) killed while hunting in the New Forest. He was succeeded by Prince Henry, who became Henry I.3
See AlsoAug 5 - Henry I succeeds
Henry was crowned king at Westminster Abbey. (Under Henry, the lodges continued and the first Magna Carta of charter of liberties was obtained by the Normans, restoring the laws of Edward the Confessor.)4
See AlsoNov 11 - Henry I marries Matilda of Sctoland
Henry I marries Matilda, daughter of Malcolm III and sister of Edgar, the King of the Scots.3
See AlsoDec 25 - Baldwin I becomes king of Jerusalem
Supported by an army of over a thousand men, Baldwin claimed the throne of Jerusalem. Baldwin of Edessa was Godfrey's brother and he claimed the throne as his heritage. Baldwin was crowned on Christmas Day at Bethlehem.
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| | 1101 A-S C
| Events occurring at some time during this year Roger Bigod granted lands at Framlingham This is the start of a line of Bigod involvement at Framlingham where later a castle is built. See AlsoArundel Castle siege After the castle falls to the besiegers, Arundel is passed to the ownership is passed to the King. 5See Also
Ranulf Flambard escaped from the Tower of London and fled to Normandy. There he joined Robert II of Normandy who had just returned from the Crusades. Flambard and Robert planned to take the English throne away from his younger brother Henry I.
See AlsoApr 2 - Henry I appoints Roger, a Norman Monk, as Chancellor
Henry I appointed Roger, a Norman Monk, as Chancellor. While in Caen Henry and his elder brother William (Rufus) had entered a church and requested the priest say mass. The priest impressed the two with his efficiency that they made him their chaplain. Roger then became chancellor and later Bishop of Salisbury. Roger helped build many churches and castles.3
See AlsoJul - The Treaty of Alton
Robert Duke of Normandy landed at Portsmouth with an army and marched up to Alton on the way to London. Here he and Henry signed a treaty where Robert gave up his claim to the throne of England in return for 3,000 marks a year. The treaty also ensured that Robert's supporters would not be punished.
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| | 1102 A-S C
| Events occurring at some time during this year Henry captures castle at Bridgnorth The castle at Bridgnorth was surrendered to Henry. 5See AlsoEarl Robert of Belleme Henry I brings several charges against Robert of Belleme. Robert resists Henry but finally surrenders at Shrewsbury Castle. Robert is exiled. 6See Also | |
| | 1103 A-S C
| Events occurring at some time during this year Crops do badly Cattle as well as corn and fruit crops did badly this year. 6See AlsoHenry let off paying Robert of Normandy Robert of Normandy visits Henry and tells him that he does not need to pay Normandy the three thousand marks which he should have, bound by treaty to be paid each year. 6See AlsoStrong winds damage crops On the morning of mass day of St. Lawrence, strong winds did more damage that anyone could remember. 6 | |
| | 1104 A-S C
| Events occurring at some time during this year Port of Acre captured by the Crusaders King Baldwin I captured the important port of Acre on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean. The port was an important supply route for Jerusalem. See Also | |
| | 1105 A-S C
| Events occurring at some time during this year Henry attacks his brother Henry entered Normandy to take power from this brother Robert whose incapacity to manage the affairs of the region could have had grave consequencies. Robert fought back forcing Henry to return to England but not before Henry had gained Caen and Bayeux. See Also | |
| | 1106 A-S C
| Events occurring at some time during this year Construction of Kidwelly Castle Roger, bishop of Salisbury, is granted land in south Wales and started construction of a wooden castle on the banks of the river Gwendraeth. See AlsoA comet passes by A comet was seen and reported by several civilisations around the World. Lasting for forty days the comet grew steadily in brightness until finally fading away. See Also
In January Venice was hit by severe floods. Shortly afterwards a fire broke out destroying several districts of the city. Several months later another more deadly fire started. As many of the buildings were constructed of wood the fire spread out of control. The disasters led to future buildings being constructed of stone and brick.7
See AlsoSep 28 - Henry attacks his brother again
Henry attacked his brother at the battle of Tinchebrai. This time with a much larger force Henry defeated and captured Robert along with the Count of Mortain. Henry locked Robert in Cardiff castle where he remained until he died in 1135.
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| | 1107 A-S C
| Events occurring at some time during this year Alexander I becomes King of the Scots Alexander became king after the death of his brother Edgar. 8See AlsoConstruction of Llandaff Cathedral At Llandaff in South Wales bishop Urban began the construction of a new church on the site of a much older religious site. See AlsoFitzHamon dies Robert FitzHamon died of his injuries at Falaise in Normandy in 1107. His son-in-law Robert Fitzroy succeeded to the Manor of Tewkesbury and continued the building the Abbey at Tewkesbury. See Also
The death of Edgar caused a split of unity in Scotland. Alexander I became King of the Scots and David I became the King in Lothian and Strathclyde.
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| | 1108 A-S C
| Events occurring at some time during this year Southwell Cathedral nave Work began on the nave and transepts in 1105 and work continued until 1150. 9See AlsoWinchester Cathedral tower Work began on the tower of Winchester Cathedral in 1108 and building continued Until 1120. 9See AlsoLouis VI becomes King of France Louis VI, the Fat, became king of France, upon the death of his father Philippe I. 10See Also | |
| | 1109 A-S C
| Events occurring at some time during this year Abduction of Princess Nest Nest, the wife of Gerald de Windsor, was abducted along with her children possibly from Cilgerrran Castle. She was abducted by one of her own relatives, Owain ap Cadwgan. See AlsoChurch at Ely becomes seat of bishop The church at Ely became a Cathedral when it became the seat of the bishopric (or Diocese) of the area. See Also
Death of the Archbishop of Canterbury.11
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| | 1110 A-S C
| Events occurring at some time during this year Birth of Geoffrey Plantagenet Geoffrey Plantagenet was the son of Fulk V, the count of Anjou. Geoffrey would marry Matilda, the daughter of Henry I, King of England. 12See AlsoWindsor Castle becomes a royal residence Henry I had improvements made to Windsor Castle, including a chapel, so that he could use the castle as his formal residence. 13See AlsoConstruction of Aberystwyth Castle An improved castle was built by the Norman Gilbert de Clare at Aberystwyth replacing an earlier fort. 1See Also | |
| | 1111 A-S C
| Events occurring at some time during this year Severe winter An extreme winter prevented the growing of crops and cattle died of disease. See Also | |
| | 1112 A-S C
| Events occurring at some time during this year Construction of new cathedral at Exeter The second Norman bishop at Exeter, Warelwast started the construction of a new cathedral because he was not happy with the current building. See Also
Bernard (at the age of 22), his brothers and several Burgundian nobles reached the monastery at Citeaux. As there had not been any new novices for some years, Stephen Harding, the abbot, accepted them willingly.14
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| | 1113 A-S C
| Events occurring at some time during this year Knights Hospitallers Recognised A Papal Bull (a formal proclamation issued by the pope) recognised and named the Knights Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem as an independent religious order. See Also
The city of Worcester, its cathedral and castle were damaged by an accidental fire.15
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| | 1114 A-S C
| Events occurring at some time during this year Chichester Cathedral fire Chichester Cathedral suffered a disastrous fire in this year. See AlsoCount of Champagne travels to the Holy Land The Count of Champagne was preparing to travel to the Holy Land when he received a letter from the bishop of Chartres. The letter stated that the count was planning to join 'la milice du Christ' (the original name for the Templars ?). This seems to indicate that the order existed at this time, as the letter speaks of chastity, something not usually expected of a Crusader. See Also
Matilda, the daughter of Henry I is married to Emperor Henry V.
See AlsoNov - Earthquake
A large earthquake damaged the areas of the Frankish control in the East. Antioch and Edessa were hit by the shocks.
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| | 1115 A-S C
| Events occurring at some time during this year St. Albans consecrated The church at St. Albans was consecrated. See AlsoNave of Rochester Cathedral Construction of Rochester Cathedral's name commenced in 1115 and finished around 1130. 9See AlsoClairvaux Abbey founded The Cistercian abbey of Clairvaux was founded in 1115 by Bernard of Fontaines who became Clairvaux's abbot until his death in 1153. See AlsoCount of Champagne donates land to St. Bernard The count of Champagne donated land to St. Bernard on which the abbey of Clairvaux was built. 16See Also | |
| | 1116 A-S C
| Events occurring at some time during this year Welsh attack Norman castles The Welsh led by Grufydd ap Rhys attacked both Llandovery and Carmarthen Castles. 1Fire destroys Peterborough Abbey An accidental fire destroys the abbey at Peterborough. See Also | |
| | 1117 A-S C
| Events occurring at some time during this year Berkeley castle construction Roger de Berkeley began the construction of Berkeley Castle in 1117 and it was completed by his son, also called Roger, by 1153. 17See AlsoPeterborough Cathedral choir and transept After the devastating fire of 1116 work began on rebuilding the abbey at Peterborough. The central area including choir and transept were begun first. Work continued until 1155. 9See Also | |
| | 1118 A-S C
| Events occurring at some time during this year Earthquake An earthquake damages Crowland Abbey. 18See AlsoBaldwin II becomes King of Jerusalem Baldwin II became King of Jerusalem following in his cousin's footsteps. 2See Also
Baldwin of le Bourg was crowned as King of Jerusalem in Jerusalem on Easter Sunday.
See AlsoMay 1 - Queen Matilda dies
Queen Matilda died at the Palace of Westminster where for the last 12 years of her life she had been neglected by Henry.
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| | 1119 A-S C
| Events occurring at some time during this year Roger de Newburgh 2nd Earl of Warwick Roger de Newburgh became the second Earl of Warwick. See AlsoWilliam Adelin marries Matilda Fulk V of Anjou married his daughter Matilda to William Adelin, heir to the English crown. Wanting to go on Crusade, Fulk needed to ensure security and a marriage between his family and the English crown could help. See AlsoHugues de Payen: Master of the Temple Hugues de Payen became the Master of the Temple. 2See AlsoKnights Templar order founded in Jerusalem Knights Templar order founded in Jerusalem, by Hugues de Payen. 2See AlsoKnights Templar in Jerusalem The Knights Templars travelled to the Holy Lands twenty years after Jerusalem was captured by European powers. 19See Also
Muslim forces kill Roger of Antioch and many members of his army at the battle of the Field of Blood. 7
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| | 1120 A-S C
| Events occurring at some time during this year Construction of Sherborne Castle Built by Roger, Bishop of Salisbury. 20See AlsoKenilworth Castle constructed Henry I gave a portion of the Stoneleigh estate to Geoffrey de Clinton his chamberlain. de Clinton built a motte and bailey on the land and formed a lake to provide better defences. 21See AlsoDedication of Llandaff Cathedral The church at Llandaff was dedicated by bishop Urban to St. Peter, St. Dubricius, St. Teilo and St. Oudoceus. See AlsoNorwich castle keep The keep of the castle at Norwich was possibly constructed between 1120 and 1130. 22See AlsoWorcester Cathedral Chapter-house Work began on the chapter-house of Worcester Cathedral. 9See Also
The son of Henry I was drowned attempting a crossing from Normandy to England. It should have been a straight forward sea crossing from Normandy to England and the weather was good, but the young prince and his young friends had delayed the sailing with their merrymaking in Normandy. The crew of the White Ship were supplied with beer were in no state to handle the ship safely. The ship his rocks and began to sink. Prince William was initially saved and placed in a small boat but on his orders he tried to rescue his sister and the boat was overwhelmed by others hoping to be saved. The small boat tipped over and the prince was drowned.
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| | 1121 A-S C
| Events occurring at some time during this year Reading Abbey founded Henry I founded the abbey at Reading. The Cluniac Order of monks populated the abbey. 11Henry I marries Adeliza Henry I married Adeliza of Louvain at Windsor Castle. Adeliza was his second wife. They did not have any children. 23See AlsoNorwich Cathedral nave and tower Work on the nave and central tower was begun in 1121 after the choir and transept. Work finished in 1145. 9See Also | |
| | 1122 A-S C
| Aug - Venetians besiege Corfu
In retaliation for the removal of their trading rights agreed in the treaty of 1082 by the emporer of Byzantine, John II, the Venetians led by Doge Michiel began a long siege of the island of Corfu.7
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| | 1123 A-S C
| Events occurring at some time during this year Foundation of Inchcolm Abbey Alexander I founded this abbey on an island in the middle of the Forth river in Scotland. The Scottish king took refuge on the island in a storm and rewarded the hermit who looked after him with the foundation of a church. See Also
Baldwin, the king of Jerusalem, was captured by Balak of Aleppo. To save the situation the Venetians were asked to help and so Doge Michiel lifted the siege of Corfu and took his fleet to Acre, arriving at the port in May.7
See AlsoMay - Egyptian navy destroyed off Ascalon
The Venetian fleet arrived at Ascalon and instantly set about attacking the Egyption fleet. The Egyption fleet was totally destroyed or captured.7
See AlsoOct 23 - Tewkesbury Abbey consecrated
Five bishops took part in the consecration of Tewkesbury Abbey.
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| | 1124 A-S C
| Events occurring at some time during this year Agreement with Venice The Crusaders and Venetians came to an agreement. If the Venetians assisted in the capture of Tyre and Ascalon they could take a third of each city for themselves. 7Furness Abbey founded Founded by Stephen, the future King of England, this abbey is situated near Barrow in Furness. Initially the order was Savigniac but were later converted to Cistercians in 1147 when the orders were merged. 24See AlsoLouis prevents war Louis VI with the help of his vassals, mobilizes a huge number of men, to avert a joint invasion from England and the Emperor Henry V. 10See AlsoUnity of Scotland restored under David I The unity in Scotland was restored at the death of Alexander by David I who became King of Scots. During his reign the Scottish borders were extended to the River Tees, including all of Northumberland. (Was he assisted by the Knight Templar?) See Also
The Crusaders laid siege to the city of Tyre in February and the city's inhabitants managed to hold out for five months before succumbing to starvation. The Crusaders were assisted by a fleet of ships from Venice.25
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Selection of references used:
1. Mike Salter,Castles of South-West Wales,
2. Edward Burman,The Templars, Knights of God,
3. Alan & Veronica Palmer,Pimlico Chronology of Britsh History,
4. Preston Williams,Illustrations of Masonry,
5. Derek Renn,Norman Castles,1968
6. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle,
7. John Julius Norwich,A History of Venice,
8. Susan Ross,The Castles of Scotland,
9. John Harvey,English Cathedrals,1961
10. Duc de Castries,The lives of the Kings and Queens of France,
11. Peter Potter,Data Donation,
12. The Plantagenet Chronicles,
13. John Timbs & Alexander Gunn,Abbeys, Castles and Ancient Halls of England & Wales (North),1872
14. Saint Bernard of Clairvaux Abbot,
15. G H Cook,English Cathedrals through the centuries,
16. Micheal Baigent, Richard Leigh and Henry Lincoln,The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail,
17. John Kinross,Discovering Castles in England and Wales,
18. Roy Midmer,English Medieaval Monasteries 1066-1540,1979
19. Graham Hancock,The Sign and the Seal,1992
20. Sidney Toy,Catles. Their Construction and History,1985
21. Mike Salter,Castles and Moated Castles of Warwickshire,
22. Sheila Sancha,The Castle Story,
23. E.B.D'Auvergne,The English Castles,1926
24. Various,The Cistercian Abbeys of Britain,1998
25. G.A.Cambell,The Knights Templar. Their rise and fall,
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