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James (I, King of Scotland 1406-1437)Add to 'MyProject' 
 As heir to the Scottish throne, James was captured by the English in 1406 while sailing to France. A month later Robert III of Scotland died and James should have become King of Scotland, but he was held prisoner by the English. He was held for eighteen years while Scotland was ruled by a Regent. This resulted in a period of peace while the Scottish King was held hostage.

Family Tree Details
James (I, King of Scotland 1406-1437)
     +Joan Beaufort
          =Margaret (Stewart) ( - d.1445)
          |    +Louis (XI, King of France)
          =Isabella (Stewart) ( - d.1494)
          =Eleanor (Stewart) ( - d.1480)
          =James (II, King of Scotland 1437-1460)
          =Joan (Stewart) ( - d.1480)
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1406MarJames (I) captured by the English
Robert III had fled from the Duke of Albany to Rothesay Castle and had attempted to send his son James to France. English pirates intercepted James and he was sent to London and imprisoned.
AprRobert III dies
Robert III, King of Scotland died at Rothesay Castle. His son James, although the rightful heir to the Scottish throne, was not crowned until 1424.
AprJames I of Scotland
With the death of Robert III, King of the Scots, James I was the new King of Scotland but as he was imprisoned by the English, his brother Robert, acted as Regent until James' release in 1424.
1423DecTreaty of London
Treaty allowing James I, of Scotland to be freed from his prison where he had been for eighteen years and return to Scotland and become King.
1424MayJames I crowned
James I, King of Scotland was crowned at Scone Abbey.
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James (II, King of Scotland 1437-1460)Add to 'MyProject' 
 

Family Tree Details
Father: James (I, King of Scotland 1406-1437)
Mother: Beaufort, Joan 
James (II, King of Scotland 1437-1460)
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1437Mar 25James II becomes King of the Scots
After the death of his father, James II became the King of the Scots.

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James (III, King of Scotland 1460-1488)Add to 'MyProject' 
Born:
Died: 1488

King of Scotland from 1460 to 1488.
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1468Orkney pledged to Scotland
The islands of Orkney were pledged to James III of Scotland in part payment of the dowry for the marriage of James to the daughter of King Christian I of Norway.
1473OctMarriage agreement between England and Scotland
James III of Scotland agreed that his new born son, James, should marry Edward IV's daughter Cecily. Cecily was only four and the agreement stated that the marriage should wait until both were old enough. Also, if either died before that time, a substitute would be found. This agreement brought peace between Scotland and England until October 1519.
1488Jun 11Death of James III of Scotland
James III king of Scotland was killed at or shortly after the battle of Sauchieburn. Several of his nobles had risen up against the king and James was forced to fight. The king's army was defeated. James fled the battle field but was killed or even murdered shortly afterwards.
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James (IV, King of Scotland 1488-1513)Add to 'MyProject' 
Born: 1473
Died: 1513

King of Scotland.
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1473OctMarriage agreement between England and Scotland
James III of Scotland agreed that his new born son, James, should marry Edward IV's daughter Cecily. Cecily was only four and the agreement stated that the marriage should wait until both were old enough. Also, if either died before that time, a substitute would be found. This agreement brought peace between Scotland and England until October 1519.
1503JunHenry VII escorts Margaret to Scotland
Henry VII and his eldest daughter started their journey to Scotland where the arranged marriage between Margaret and the Scottish King James IV would take place. Margaret was only fourteen years old.
Aug 8Marriage of James IV and Margaret
The marriage of the 30 year old Scottish king to the 14 year old daughter of Henry VI, Margaret took place at Holyrood house in Edinburgh.
1513Sep 9Battle of Flodden
James IV of Scotland's invasion of England came to an end at the Battle of Flodden where he was killed. The English were led by Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey. Henry VIII was in France at the time.
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James (of St George's)Add to 'MyProject' 
 Master Mason responsible for the design and construction of Edward I's castles in the north of Wales during the conflict with the Welsh and Llewelyn. Edward met James whilst travelling in Savoy. Impressed by his skills of castle building, Edward brought James back to England and by 1278 James was in North Wales working on castles there. Castles that James built include Flint, Rhuddlan, Harlech, Beaumaris and Caernarvon but there are many more. in many castles he used a concentric plan where a succession of nested walls and towers are built, the walls getting taller towards the centre of the castle. In these castles there are no central keeps, but one or more of the wall towers are large enough to be used in the same way.
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1277JulConstruction of Flint Castle begun
As part of the plans to defeat Llewelyn Edward I ordered the construction of Flint Castle in Clwyd. Edward had been impressed by fortified town and castle combinations he had seen on his travels in France and Flint Castle was designed in the same manor. The castle was completed in 1280.
AugReconstruction of Rhuddlan Castle begun
Leaving work on Flint Castle underway Edward I moved on up the coast to Rhuddlan where he found the remains of an old Norman Motte and Bailey castle overlooking an important crossing point of the river Clywd. A new castle was ordered and work began to create both the castle and a new town alongside.
1282Construction of Denbigh Castle
Another castle was built by Edward I's master castle builder, James of St. George in North Wales.
1283Construction of Caernarvon Castle
Edward and his master castle builder started the reconstruction of a new castle at Caernarvon.
Construction of Conway Castle begun
After capturing Dolwyddelan, Edward moved up the river Conway to its mouth and a new castle was ordered. The castle's design and size were chosen to prove the royal power of the English King. The construction took until 1297.
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James (V, King of Scotland 1513-1542)Add to 'MyProject' 
Born: 10 Apr 1512
Died: 14 Dec 1542

James V was the son of James IV, king of Scotland, who died at the battle of Flodden in 1513. James V died at the end of 1542 supposedly due to the shock of his army's defeat by the English at Solway Moss. James V left a daughter. Mary, as heir to the Scottish throne.

Family Tree Details
James (V, King of Scotland 1513-1542) (b.1512 - d.1542)
     +Mary (of Guise) ( - d.1560)
          =Mary (Queen of Scotland) (b.1542 - d.1567)
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1542Dec 8Birth of Mary, Queen of Scots
Mary was born at Linlithgow Palace in West Lothian, Scotland. She was the daughter of James V, king of Scotland and Mary of Guise, from France. James V died a week after Mary was born and she became Queen of Scotland.
Dec 14Death of James V of Scotland
The defeat of the Scottish army at Solway Moss a few weeks earlier is supposed to have shocked James V so much that he died. His daughter Mary was only a week or so old when he died and she became queen, known as Mary Queen of Scots.
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Joan (of Arc)Add to 'MyProject' 
Born:
Died: 30 May 1431

Joan of Arc was a French peasant who said she had seen visions of saints. They told her to go and rescue Orleans from the English and save France. Joan first went to see Charles VII, the King of France. At the meeting between Charles and Joan the King had disguised himself as a servant and had a servant dress as himself. Joan was not fooled and picked out the King.
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1412JanJoan of Arc born
Joan is born at Domremy.
1429FebJoan visits Charles VII
Joan was granted an audience with the dauphin at Vaucouleurs. At the meeting Charles had disguised himself as a servant and had a servant dress as himself. Joan was not fooled and picked the king out. Charles was impressed when Joan told him that God had told her that he was the true heir.
AprJoan is given an army
Charles gave Joan a small army and she sets of to free Orleans from the English.
Apr 29Joan reaches Orleans
Joan reached Orleans and managed to get past the English to enter the town. There she raised the moral of the citizens trapped by the English siege.
May 8Siege of Orleans is lifted
Joan of Arc had tried to negotiate with the English without success. More French troops had arrived to assist break the blockade. On May 7th, Joan was wounded by an arrow in the neck but survived and managed to lead the French to defeat the English at Les Tourelles (part of the town). On May 8th the English moved out of Orleans.
Jun 18The Battle of Patay
The French defeat the English.
Jul 17Charles VII crowned at Rheims
Joan of Arc and the dauphin entered Rhiems. Charles was crowned in the Cathedral and became King of France.
1430May 23Joan of Arc is captured
Joan's main objective was to liberate Paris from the Burgundians, but first she needed to free Compiegne. It was during the fighting here that she was wounded again and this time captured. Joan was then sold to the English who handed her over to the Church. As Compiegne was under the bishopric of Beauvais Joan was delivered to Pierre Cauchon, the Bishop of Beauvais, who led the trial.
1431JanThe trial of Joan of Arc
Joan's trial began.
May 30Joan of Arc burnt at the stake
Joan was burnt at the stake in Rouen in the Old Market Square.
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Joan (of Kent)Add to 'MyProject' 
Born:
Died: 1385

Married Edward, 'The Black Prince'. Their son was Richard II.

Family Tree Details
Father: Edmund (Earl of Kent) ( - d.1330)
Mother: Wake, Margaret ( - d.1349) 
Joan (of Kent) ( - d.1385)
     +Edward (The Black Prince) (b.1330 - d.1376)
          =RICHARD (II, King of England 1377-1399) (b.1367 - d.1400)
               +Anne (of Bohemia) ( - d.1394)
               +Isabella (of France, Wife of Richard II)
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1348Founding of the Order of the Garter
King Edward III of England established the Order of the Garter, the first English order of knighthood. Based on the Knights of the Round Table and King Arthur. The name of the order is supposed to have originated when Edward III picked up a garter that had been lost on the dance floor during a banquet. Edward tied the garter around his own leg telling all present not to pass judgement. The garter may have belonged to the beautiful Joan of Kent. Joan was later to marry Edward's son, the Black Prince.
1362JulThe Black Prince is given Gascony
Edward III transferred control of Gascony to his eldest son, the Black Prince. Edward the Black Prince had just married Joan of Kent at Windsor and together they created a magnificent court in Bordeaux.
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John (Duke of Bedford)Add to 'MyProject' 
Born:
Died: 1435

.

Family Tree Details
Father: HENRY (IV, King of England 1399-1413) (b.1367 - d.1413)
Mother: Bohun, Mary 
John (Duke of Bedford) ( - d.1435)
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1416Aug 15Harfleur rescued
An English fleet commanded by John Duke of Bedford attacked and defeated the French blockading the mouth of the Seine who were preventing supplies reaching the English held town of Harfleur. Bedford was the king's brother.
1422Sep 1Henry VI becomes king
Henry VI became king of England upon the death of his father. Henry was less than one year old when his father died and so England was governed by Henry V's brothers, John, Duke of Bedford and Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester.
1429NovHenry VI crowned
Although Henry was still too young to reign he was crowned as Henry VI, King of England in response to the Duke of Bedford's concerns over the events in France.
1435SepDuke of Bedford dies
John, Duke of Bedford, died in Rouen. Henry was still too young to rule and Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, took over as regent until Henry was old enough to rule England unaided. Gloucester was not popular and was the cause of unrest with Parliament.
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John (I, King of France 1316)Add to 'MyProject' 
Born: 15 Nov 1316
Died: 20 Nov 1316

John was the son of King Louis X of France and Queen Clemence. King Louis died in May of 1316 before John was born leaving the boy heir to the French throne. Louis' brother Philippe of Poitiers returned to Paris when Louis died and had assumed the position of regent. When John was born Philippe's position of power was threatened. John only lived for five days and suspicion of murdering the child fell on Philippe's wife.
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1316Philippe V becomes King of France
Philippe, the brother of the previous King of France, became regent and then King of France.
Nov 15Birth of John I King of France
As soon as he was born John became the King of France. His father, Louis X, had died several months before his birth.
Nov 20Death of King John of France
Only five days after his birth the King of France died. John's uncle Philippe, who had been acting as regent, became King of France.
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John (I, of Portugal)Add to 'MyProject' 
 

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John (I, of Portugal)
     +Philippa (daughter of John of Gaunt)
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John (II, King of France 1350-1364)Add to 'MyProject' 
Born: Apr 1319
Died: 8 Apr 1364

A member of the house of Valois, John was the King of France from 1350 until 1364.

Family Tree Details
Father: Philippe (VI, King of France 1328-1350) ( - d.1350)
Mother: Joan (of Burgundy) 
John (II, King of France 1350-1364) (b.1319 - d.1364)
     +Bonne (of Luxembourg)
          =Charles (V, King of France 1364 - 1380) (b.1338 - d.1380)
               +Joan (of Bourbon)
                    =Charles (VI, King of France 1380-1422) (b.1338 - d.1422)
                         +Isabella (of Bavaria)
                              =Charles (VII, King of France 1422-1461) (b.1403 - d.1461)
                              =Catherine (of France) ( - d.1438)
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1350John II becomes King of France
John became king of France after the death of his father Philippe.
1356Sep 17English and French armies meet
On Saturday 17th of September while the Black Prince was moving his army to English owned city of Bordeaux the English and French armies finally came across each other near Poitiers. Edward moved his army into a defensive position protected by hedges on three sides and a narrow lane on the fourth.
Sep 18Papal mission
On the Sunday a Cardinal attempted to get the English prince and French king to agree a truce, but the two leaders used the Sunday to rest their troops and prepare for the battle ahead.
Sep 19Battle of Poitiers
On Monday the 19th of September the battle of Poiters took place. Eventhough the English army was outnumbered the Black Prince used superior tactics in the battle and defeated the French without suffering many losses. John, the French King, was captured along with many other French nobles and taken to Bordeaux.
1357MarTruce with France
On behalf of the King of England, Edward, the Black Prince arranged a two year truce with John, the King of France at Bordeaux.
AprJohn brought to England
The Black Prince with the French king and many other prisoners began the journey from France to England. Once back in England these nobles were ransomed for large amounts of money.
1360MayTreaty of Bretigny
The treaty of Bretigny brought a period of peace for nine years during the Hundred Years War. The treaty was arranged between the Black Prince and the dauphin (later Charles V of France) before being approved by Edward III of England and King John of France. As part of the treaty Edward was given control of the areas of Gascony, Calais and Ponthieu as long as he agreed to give up his claim for the French throne. King John, currently being held hostage in England, was to be released on condition of a payment of 3 million gold crowns to by paid in installments.
OctTreaty agreed
At Calais Edward III and King John of France, who had be released from captivity, signed the Treaty of Bretigny.
1364Charles V becomes King of France
Charles became king of France after the death of his father John.
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JOHN (King of England 1199-1216)Add to 'MyProject' 

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John (of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster)Add to 'MyProject' 
Born:
Died: 1399

John of Gaunt was the son of Edward III, King of England and the father of Henry IV, king of England. He was born in Ghent, Flanders from which his name comes. When Edward III died in 1377 the English throne passed to Richard II, John's nephew. Richard was only ten at the time and too young to rule unaided. John of Gaunt took control of the country until Richard was old enough to rule. Gaunt alienated the Church by supporting Wyclif's criticism of the Church's power and wealth.

Family Tree Details
Father: EDWARD (III, King of England 1327-1377) (b.1312 - d.1377)
Mother: Philippa (of Hainault) ( - d.1369) 
John (of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster) ( - d.1399)
     +Blanche (of Lancaster) ( - d.1369)
     |    =HENRY (IV, King of England 1399-1413) (b.1367 - d.1413)
     |    |    +Mary Bohun
     |    |         =Henry (V, King of England 1413-1422) (b.1387 - d.1422)
     |    |         |    +Catherine (of France) ( - d.1438)
     |    |         |         =Henry (VI, King of England 1422-1461, 1470-1471) (b.1421 - d.1471)
     |    |         =Thomas (Duke of Clarence) ( - d.1421)
     |    |         =John (Duke of Bedford) ( - d.1435)
     |    |         =Humphrey (Duke of Gloucester) ( - d.1447)
     |    =Philippa (daughter of John of Gaunt)
     |    |    +John (I, of Portugal)
     |    =Elizabeth (daughter of John of Gaunt)
     |         +John (Earl of Pembroke - 1389)
     +Constance (of Castile) ( - d.1394)
     |    =Katherine (of Lancaster) (b.1372 - d.1418)
     +Catherine Swynford
          =John Beaufort (1st Earl of Somerset) ( - d.1410)
          |    +Margaret Holland
          |         =Henry Beaufort (Duke of Somerset) ( - d.1418)
          |         =John Beaufort ( - d.1444)
          |         =Edmund Beaufort (Duke of Somerset) ( - d.1455)
          |         |    +Eleanor Beauchamp
          |         |         =Henry Beaufort (Duke of Somerset) ( - d.1464)
          |         |         =Edmund Beaufort ( - d.1471)
          |         |         =John Beaufort ( - d.1471)
          |         =Joan Beaufort
          |              +James (I, King of Scotland 1406-1437)
          |                   =Margaret (Stewart) ( - d.1445)
          |                   =Isabella (Stewart) ( - d.1494)
          |                   =Eleanor (Stewart) ( - d.1480)
          |                   =James (II, King of Scotland 1437-1460)
          |                   =Joan (Stewart) ( - d.1480)
          =Henry Beaufort (Bishop of Winchester) ( - d.1447)
          =Joan Beaufort (daughter of John of Gaunt) (b.1379 - d.1440)
               +Ralph Neville (Earl of Westmorland) (b.1364 - d.1425)
                    =Cecily Neville
                    |    +Richard (Duke of York) ( - d.1460)
                    |         =Edward (IV, Earl of March and King of England 1461-1470, 1471-1483) (b.1442 - d.1483)
                    |         =George (Duke of Clarence) (b.1449 - d.1478)
                    |         =Richard (III, King of England 1483-1485) (b.1452 - d.1485)
                    |         =Elizabeth (Daughter of Richard, Duke of York)
                    |         =Margaret (of York, sister of Edward IV) (b.1446 - )
                    =Richard Neville (Earl of Salisbury) ( - d.1460)
                         +Alice (Daughter of Earl of Salisbury)
                              =Richard Neville (Earl of Warwick, 'The Kingmaker') (b.1428 - d.1471)
                              =John Neville (Earl of Northumberland, Lord Montagu) ( - d.1471)
                              =George Neville (Archbishop of York) ( - d.1476)
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1361 - 1399John of Gaunt owns Kenilworth
1362John becomes Duke of Lancaster
1367MarHenry (IV) future king of England in born
1369JulJohn of Gaunt in northern France
1371Wykeham asks for war supplies
1377Jun 21Edward III Dies
Jul 16Richard II crowned
1384AprCriticism of Richard
1386SpringGaunt and the Castilian throne
Jul 8John leaves Plymouth
1399FebDeath of John of Gaunt

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John (XXII, Pope)Add to 'MyProject' 
Born:
Died: 1334

Pope from 1316 to 1334. He was the longest reigning Avignon Popes. John faced several threats during his time in office, including the German King Lewis the Bavarian, who wanted to become Roman Emperor, and the expanse of power from Milan led by Matteo Visconti.
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Julius (II, Pope 1503-1513)Add to 'MyProject' 
 Julius II was the Pope from 1503 until 1513. Julius gave permission for the marriage between Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon. Julius was also a member of the Holy League of countries against France in 1511.
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1505Papal dispensation
Pope Julius II gave permission for the marriage between Catherine of Aragon and Henry VIII. The legality of the marriage was in question because Catherine had been married to Henry's elder brother Arthur.
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