 | | Index of medieval people in this section | | |  | Gaveston, Piers | | Geoffrey | | Geoffrey (I, Greymantle, count of Anjou) | | Geoffrey (Martel, I, count of Anjou) | | Geoffrey (Plantagenet, 'The Fair', Count of Anjou) | | Geoffrey (The Bearded) | | George (Duke of Clarence)
| | Giffard, Walter | | Glanvill, Ranulf de | | Glendower, Katherine | | Glendower, Owen | | Godfrey (of Bouillon) | | Godwine (Earl of Wessex) | | Godwineson, Sweyn | | Grey, Catherine (Lady) | | Grey, Henry (Duke of Suffolk) | | Grey, Jane (Lady)
| | Grey, John (Sir) | | Gruffydd, David ap (Welsh Prince) | | Gruffydd, Rhys ap (Lord Rhys) | | Gundulf | | Guthrum (King of the Danes -890) |
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Born:
Died: Jun 1312
| Son of a prominent Gascon knight, Gaveston had a close friendship with Edward II, king of England. Edward's affection towards Gaveston alienated the people who were Edward's real counsellors, the barons. Gaveston was captured by the Earl of Warwick, the leader of the king's opposition in June 1312 and executed. |
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Born: 1158
Died: 1186
| Son of Henry II. |
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| Geoffrey (I, Greymantle, count of Anjou) |
Born:
Died: 987
| Geoffrey was the son of Fulk II, count of Anjou. A legend surrounds Geoffrey depicting him as a great knight and warrior. The legend concerns an invasion by the Danes who had been attacking lands of France for some time. Amongst them was a fierce warrior called Ethelulf. No one could kill the huge Dane and he challenged all to try. When Geoffrey heard of this he secretly travelled to Paris where the Danes were approaching. Geoffrey confronted Ethelulf and killed the giant. He cut off the head of Ethelulf and gave it to a servant to take to Paris. No one knew who had killed the Dane and it was only later at a reception at Paris that Geoffrey was recognised by the servant who had been given the head. Because he was wearing a grey cloak, Geoffrey was given the nickname Graygown or Greymantle. Geoffrey was succeeded by his son Fulk, the Black. |
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| Geoffrey (Martel, I, count of Anjou) |
Born:
Died: 1060
| Geoffrey Martel was the son of Fulk Nerra, count of Anjou. Geoffrey became count of Anjou in 1040 when his father died. Martel was a fierce warrior brushing aside all that stood before him. In 1044 the county of Touraine was overrun by Geoffrey when his army captured Tours, its capital town. When he died in 1060 Geoffrey had no children so he divided his lands of Anjou and Touraines between his nephews Geoffrey the Bearded and Fulk Rechin. Fulk received Touraine and Geoffrey received Anjou. Geoffrey Martel died in great pain from an illness. |
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| Geoffrey (Plantagenet, 'The Fair', Count of Anjou) |
Born:
Died: 1151
| Geoffrey was the son of Fulk V, Count of Anjou and was the founder of the Plantagenet dynasty of rulers. Geoffrey was given the nickname 'Plantagenet' due to his habit of wearing a sprig of broom in his hat. The broom plant being called planta genista in France. In 1128 the fifteen year old Geoffrey married King Henry I of England's daughter Matilda and together they had a son Henry who became King Henry II of England. In 1129 Geoffrey's father Fulk gave up his title of Count of Anjou to marry Melisende, the heir to the Kingdom of Jerusalem and so Geoffrey inherited the title. Geoffrey had to fight his own brother, Elias, when he rebelled and threatened to capture the area of Maine. Elias was captured and imprisoned. He later died from an illness contracted while in prison. Bigger problems arose with the death of King Henry I of England in 1135. Geoffrey's wife Matilda was the rightful heir to the throne but Henry's cousin, Stephen of Blois, claimed the English throne for himself with the help of the Norman barons. A civil war between Stephen and Matilda broke out in England while in Normandy the conflict continued between Stephen and Geoffrey who both had a claim to duchy. |
| Family Tree Details | | |  Geoffrey (Plantagenet, 'The Fair', Count of Anjou) ( - d.1151)
+Matilda (Daughter of Henry I) (b.1102 - d.1167)
=Henry (II, King of England 1154-1189) (b.1133 - d.1189)
| +Eleanor (of Aquitaine) (b.1122 - d.1204)
| | = William ((Son of Henry II)) (b.1153 - d.1156)
| | =Henry ('the Young King') (b.1155 - d.1183)
| | =Matilda (Daughter of Henry II) (b.1156 - d.1189)
| | | +Henry (Duke of Saxony)
| | | =Otto (IV, Roman Emperor) (b.1182 - d.1218)
| | =Richard (I, King of England 1189-1199) (b.1157 - d.1199)
| | | +Berengaria (of Navarre, Queen of England)
| | =Geoffrey (b.1158 - d.1186)
| | | +Constance (of Brittany)
| | | =Arthur (of Brittany) (b.1187 - d.1204)
| | | =Eleanor (Grand-daughter of Henry II) ( - d.1241)
| | =Eleanor (of England) (b.1162 - d.1214)
| | | +Alfonso (King of Castile)
| | | =Blanche
| | =Joan (of England, Queen of Sicily) (b.1165 - d.1199)
| | | +William (II, King of Sicily)
| | | +Raymond (VI, Count of Toulouse)
| | | =Raymond (VII, Count of Toulouse)
| | =JOHN (King of England 1199-1216) (b.1167 - d.1216)
| | +Isabella ( - d.1217)
| | +Isabella (of Angouleme)
| | =HENRY (III, King of England 1216-1272) (b.1207 - d.1272)
| | =Richard (Earl of Cornwall) (b.1209 - d.1272)
| | =Joan (Daughter of King John) (b.1210 - d.1238)
| | =Isabelle (b.1214 - d.1241)
| | =Eleanor (Daughter of King John) (b.1215 - d.1275)
| +Illegitimate
| =Geoffrey Plantagenet (Archbishop of York)
| =William Longsword
=Geoffrey (VI of Anjou)
=William (Count of Paitin) (b.1136 - d.1164)
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| 1110 | | Birth of Geoffrey Plantagenet
| | | Geoffrey Plantagenet was the son of Fulk V, the count of Anjou. Geoffrey would marry Matilda, the daughter of Henry I, King of England.5 | | 1128 | | Matilda marries Geoffrey Plantagenet
| | | Henry I arranged a marriage between his daughter Matilda and the son of Fulk V of Anjou, Geoffrey Plantagenet. He had previously arranged a marriage between his son William Adelin to Fulk's daughter also called Matilda, but William had died when the 'White Ship' sank returning the Prince from Normandy. | | 1129 | | Fulk V marries Melisende
| | | Fulk V married Melisende, the heir to the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Fulk gave up his title of Count of Anjou which passed to his son Geoffrey Plantagenet. | | 1137 | Apr | Stephen goes to Normandy
| | | King Stephen sailed to Normandy to confront Geoffrey Plantagenet, count of Anjou and the Angevins who were attacking the soutern areas of Normandy. Although Stephen had come success he was not able to deal fully with the count. Stephen did come to an agreement with the French King Louis VII and Eustace, Stephen's son, paid homage to the French king for Normandy.5 | | 1144 | | Geoffrey Plantagenet captures Normandy
| | | After several years of conflict between the Angevins and the Barons of Normandy Geoffrey Plantagenet, count ot Anjou, captured Rouen and took control of the whole of the duchy of Normandy. Geoffrey also took the title of Duke of Normandy.5 | | 1151 | Sep | Geoffrey dies
| | | After returning from Paris with Henry, Geoffrey fell ill and died. |
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Born:
Died: circa 1109
| Geoffrey the Bearded was the nephew of Geoffrey Martel, count of Anjou. The count had no children so arranged for his lands to be divided between his nephews Geoffrey and Fulk Rechin. Geoffrey received the areas of Anjou and Saintonge, an area on the west coast of France. Fulk received the area of Touraine. The brothers Geoffrey and Fulk began to fight amongst themselves and in 1066 Fulk captured Geoffrey and imprisoned him.
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| 1066 | | Fulk Rechin defeats Geoffrey the Bearded
| | | Fulk Rechin was at war with his brother Geoffrey. They were fighting over the lands of Anjou and Touraine which had been left to them by their uncle Geoffrey Martel, the count of Anjou. Fulk captured Geoffrey the Bearded and captured Anjou later taking the title of count.5 |
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| George (Duke of Clarence) |
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Born:
Died: 1279
| Bishop of Bath and Wells from 1264, and chancellor after Simon de Montfort's defeat and death at Evesham in 1265. Giffard became archbishop of York in 1266 and acted as regent for Edward I. |
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| | Ranulf was a lawyer and Henry II's Chief Justiciar. Henry entrusted the education of his son John to Ranulf. Hubert Walter also studied under Ranulf. |
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| | Katherine was the daughter of Owen Glendower and she married Edmund Mortimer. Edmund had been fighting on the side of Henry IV against Owen Glendower's Welsh revolt but had been captured by Owen at the battle of Pilleth. Owen demanded a ransom from Henry IV to free Edmund but Henry refused to pay. Edmund decided to join Owen Glendower's cause. He even married Owen's daughter Katherine. |
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Born: circa 1350
Died:
| (Owain Glyn Dwr) A wealthy land owner in Wales. Glendower owned land both in North Wales and in Pembrokeshire. In 1400 Glendower and his rival Lord Grey of Rutin had a dispute over land. The King of England sided with Rutin and so Glendower rose up in revolt against the English in North Wales. |
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Born: 1060
Died: c. Jul 1100
| Godfrey de Bouillon was the second son of Eustace II, the Norman Count of Boulogne. Godfrey was chosen as the ruler of Jerusalem in 1099 after the crusaders of the First Crusade took control of the city. Godfrey refused to wear a golden crown in Jerusalem where his Saviour had only worn a crown of thorns. He wanted to be known as advocate or lay defender of the Holy Sepulche rather than King. Shortly after the crusaders had taken Jerusalem the separate Muslim armies overcame their differences in order to rid their home of the Christian army. Egypt supplied the largest number of men. The huge Muslim army made its way towards Jeruslem. Godfrey was aware of the threat and managed to put together an army of his own. The two armies met at Ascalon where the Muslim army was defeated by the much smaller Christian force. This was the last battle of the First Crusade. Godfrey died in July 1100 possibly from typhoid. His brother Baldwin became the next King of Jerusalem. |
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| 1099 | Jul 15 | Crusaders take Jerusalem
| | | The Crusaders take Jerusalem and Godfrey of Bouillon becomes King of Jerusalem.11 | | Aug 12 | Battle of Ascalon
| | | The last battle of the First Crusade was fought between the Christians and Muslims at Ascalon. Led by Godfrey of Bouillon, the king of Jerusalem, the heavily out-numbered Christian army used their heavy armour to good affect. The Muslim army consisted mainly of Egyptions intent of driving the Christians out of Jerusalem.11 | | 1100 | Jul 18 | Godfrey of Bouillon dies
| | | Godfrey of Bouillon died just a year after the crusaders had captured Jerusalem. Agreeing who should succeed Godfrey as ruler of Jerusalem was not easy. The head of the Church in Jerusalem, Dagobert of Pisa, claimed that the Church itself should rule and as he was its representative he should have the job. Godfrey's brother, Baldwin of Edessa, had other ideas and travelled to Jerusalem with an army to claim the throne.12 | | Dec 25 | Baldwin I becomes king of Jerusalem
| | | Supported by an army of over a thousand men, Baldwin claimed the throne of Jerusalem. Baldwin of Edessa was Godfrey's brother and he claimed the throne as his heritage. Baldwin was crowned on Christmas Day at Bethlehem. |
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Born:
Died: 1053
| King Canute gave Godwine the title of Earl of Wessex and Godwine very quickly rose to be extremely powerful. In 1042 Edward the Confessor married Godwine's daughter Edith and from then on the Earl more or less ran the country. He opposed Edward's Norman advisors and in 1051 the Godwines revolted against the king. Edward expelled them from the country and at about the same time he promised William (the Conqueror) that he could have a claim to the English throne after Edward died. This may have been a ploy by Edward to prevent the Godwines claiming the throne themselves. In 1052 the Godwines, including Harold Godwinson, invaded England with a large army and Edward had to reinstate them to their former positions. Godwine died in following year. |
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| 1035 | Nov 12 | Canute dies
| | | King Canute died at Shaftesbury leaving the rule of the country in dispute between Harthacnut (the son of Emma) and Harold Harefoot (the son of Aelfgifu). The Earls of Northumbria and Mercia supported Harold's claim while Earl Godwine supported Harthacanute's. | | 1036 | | Alfred is murdered by Godwine
| | | Alfred landed in England to take back the English throne, but his army was met by Earl Godwine and defeated. Alfred was captured and killed by the Earl. | | 1045 | Jan | Edward marries
| | | Edward married Edith, the daughter of Earl Godwine. Godwine was then in an extremely powerful position being related to the King of England. | | 1051 | | Edward expels the Godwine family
| | | An incident occurred when Eustace II Count of Boulogne visited Edward the Confessor, his brother-in-law. The incident occurred in Dover where a fight broke out between the Norman visitors and the locals. Several people were killed. The area of Dover was under the control of the Godwine family and Edward the Confessor, who blamed the people of Dover for the fight, told Godwine to deal with them. Godwine refused to obey Edward's order and in response Edward raised an army and forced the Godwine family into exile. | | 1052 | May | Godwines invade England
| | | Godwine, Earl of Wessex, his son Harold and a large fleet sailed up the Thames to London forcing Edward to reinstate them into their previous positions of power. | | 1053 | Apr | Harold becomes Earl of Wessex
| | | Godwine, Earl of Wessex, died and Harold inherited his title. |
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Born:
Died: 1052
| Sweyn was the first son of Godwine, Earl of Wessex. |
| Family Tree Details | | | Sweyn Godwineson ( - d.1052)
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| 1049 | | Sweyn exiled for murder
| | | Sweyn Godwineson was exiled from England by Edward the Confessor to Flanders for murdering his own cousin, Earl Beorn. | | 1050 | | Sweyn pardoned
| | | Sweyn Godwineson was pardoned and allowed to return to England. |
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| | Lady Catherine Grey was the granddaughter of Mary, the younger sister of Henry VIII. Catherine's elder sister, Lady Jane, was involved in an attempt to take the English throne by force and was executed. Catherine had a good claim to the English throne and at one point could have become Queen of England if Queen Elizabeth had died. |
| Family Tree Details | | | Catherine Grey (Lady)
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| Grey, Henry (Duke of Suffolk) |
Born:
Died: 1554
| Henry married Frances the granddaughter of Mary a daughter of Henry VII. Henry and Frances had several daughters one of which was Lady Jane Grey. At the end of the reign of Edward VI Henry and Jane's father-in-law John Dudley, the Duke of Northumberland, plotted against Mary Tudor, Edward's sister, to place Jane on the throne of England. The plot failed and after another failed rebellion Henry was captured and executed. |
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Born:
Died: Feb 1461
| Sir John was the owner of the Bradgate estate and had considerable wealth. He was Lancastrian by inclination. Elizabeth Woodville married Sir John in 1457. The couple had two sons and life seemed to be good, but Sir John was killed in the second battle of St Albans in 1461 and Elizabeth returned to Grafton, to the family home, with her sons. |
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| Gruffydd, David ap (Welsh Prince) |
Born:
Died: 1283
| David was the brother of Llewelyn ap Gruffydd, the Prince of Wales. |
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| 1282 | Mar | Hawarden Castle captured by the Welsh
| | | David ap Gruffydd attacked and took control the castle at Hawarden. The constable, Roger de Clifford, was captured during the attack. | | Easter | Another Welsh Uprising
| | | David, Llewelyn's brother, rose up in revolt. Llewelyn, even though he had sworn fealty to Edward, joined his brother in the fight against the English. | | 1283 | Jun | David of Wales captured
| | | David the brother of Llewelyn was handed over to the king by his own supporters who had already surrendered. He was taken to Shrewsbury Castle where a Parliament met and sentenced him to death by execution.13 | | Oct 3 | David ap Gruffydd is executed
| | | David was found guilty of high treason and sentenced to death. His punishment for betraying the King was to be drawn, hanged and quartered. |
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| Gruffydd, Rhys ap (Lord Rhys) |
Born:
Died: 1197
| Rhys ap Gruffydd was a prince of Wales and lived during the reign of Henry II. He is generally known as Lord Rhys. Lord Rhys found favour with Henry II and was granted Cardiganshire in south Wales. |
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Born:
Died: 1108
| Known as the 'weeping monk of Bec'. Gundulf came across from Normandy after the Conquest with Lanfranc. Gundulf was well known and admired for his building skills and Lanfranc used Gundulf to rebuild his Cathedral. In 1077 Gundulf was made Bishop of Rochester and a year later William the Conqueror used Gundulf's skill in the construction of the White Tower, the keep of the Tower of London. |
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| Guthrum (King of the Danes -890) |
Born:
Died: 890
| As leader of the Danes, Guthrum invaded Britain. Guthrum was defeated by Alfred at Exeter and signed a peace treaty, but Guthrum attacked Wessex and drove Alfred from power in 878. Alfred rebuilt his army and defeated Guthrum at the Battle of Edington. Alfred converted Guthrum to Christianity and gave him land as part of Danelaw. |
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| 875 | | Danes move against the north.
| | | Led by Halfdan the Danes moved north to attack the Picts and the area of Strathclyde. The Danes divided Northumbria taking York for themselves and creating the area known as Danelaw. A second Danish King called Guthrum took his army back south to Cambridge where he prepared plans to attack Wessex.15 | | 876 | | Danes defeated in the south
| | | Led by Guthrum, an army of Danes moved to Wareham in Dorset where they were met by a new army from the sea who landed at Poole. Alfred trapped the army and demanded hostages in return for a peaceful settlement. The Danes divided, half fleeing to Exeter where they besieged the town while the other half escaped in their ships but were drowned in heavy seas. Those at Exeter were forced to surrender and were moved up to Gloucester.15 | | 878 | Jan | The Danes take the advantage
| | | After Exeter. Alfred was hoping that trouble with the Danes was over, but again led by Guthrum, an army headed for Alfred at his Chippenham residence. Alfred fled under overwelming odds leaving Chippenham in the hands of the Danes. 15 | | Apr | Battle of Edington
| | | Alfred called for his men to form an army and attack the Danes. He ordered the army to meet at a location known as Egbert's Stone and seven weeks after Easter an army was formed. Once formed the army quickly moved towards Guthrum and the Danes and the two armies met at Edington. The battle at Edington was won by Alfred and the Danes retreated to Chippenham. The Danes were surrounded and surrendered. Guthrum along with several other high ranking members of the Danish army were converted to Chistianity under Alfred's sponsorship. Guthrum and Alfred agreed on peace terms and the Danes returned to their holdings in East Anglia known as the Danelaw.15 | | 890 | | Guthrum dies
| | | Guthrum died in 890 and his peace agreements with Alfred were maintained by his successor. |
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Selection of references used:
1. Caroline Bingham,The Life and Times of Edward II, 2. A.R.Myers,England in the late middle Ages, 3. Peter Potter,Data Donation, 4. John Gillingham,The Life and Times of Richard I,1974 5. The Plantagenet Chronicles, 6. Peter Earle,The Life and Times of Henry V, 7. John Timbs & Alexander Gunn,Abbeys, Castles and Ancient Halls of England & Wales (North),1872 8. Mike Salter,Castles of South-West Wales, 9. Timbs & Gunn,Abbeys, Castles & Ancient Halls of England & Wales, 10. Mike Salter,Castles of Gwent, Glamorgan and Gower, 11. Alan & Veronica Palmer,Pimlico Chronology of Britsh History, 12. Edward Burman,The Templars, Knights of God, 13. Jean Powie,Eleanor of Castile, 14. E.B.D'Auvergne,The English Castles,1926 15. Ronald McNair Scott,Alfred the Great,
