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Index of medieval people in this section
 
Ferdinand (II, King of Aragon 1479-1516)Fitz Osbern, William (Earl of Hereford)
Flambard, RanulfFrancis (I, King of France 1515-1547)
Francis (II, King of France 1559-1560)Fulk (I, the Red, Count of Anjou)
Fulk (II, the Good, Count of Anjou)Fulk (Nerra, the Black, count of Anjou)
Fulk (V, of Anjou)Fulk Rechin (count of Anjou)
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      Ferdinand (II, King of Aragon 1479-1516)
Born:
Died: 1516

Ferdinand was the King of Aragon from 1479 when his father died until his own death in 1516. He was also Ferdinand V of Castile. As members of the Holy League, Ferdinand and Henry VII cemented their alliances with the marriage of Ferdinand's daughter, Catherine of Aragon, to Henry's eldest son, and heir to the English throne, Arthur.

Family Tree Details
Ferdinand (II, King of Aragon 1479-1516) ( - d.1516)
  +Isabella (of Castile, Wife of Ferdinand II)
    =Catherine (of Aragon)
      +Arthur (Son of Henry VII) (b.1486 - d.1502)
      +HENRY (VIII, King of England 1509-1547) (b.1491 - d.1547)
        =Mary (I, Queen of England 1553-1558, Bloody Mary) (b.1516 - d.1558)
          +Philip (II, King of Spain) (b.1527 - d.1598)
See Also

Mini Timeline

Early Modern Period (1500-1800) - Under Construction
1505Papal dispensation
Pope Julius II gave permission for the marriage between Catherine of Aragon and Henry VIII. The legality of the marriage was in question because Catherine had been married to Henry's elder brother Arthur.
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      Fitz Osbern, William (Earl of Hereford)
Born:
Died: 1071

William Fitz Osbern, a Norman, came into power after the conquest in 1066 and is closely associated with William the Conqueror. Fitzobern became Earl of Hereford in 1067 and to strengthen his position over the Anglo-Saxons built many castles, including Clifford, Chepstow, Ewyas Harold, Monmouth and Wigmore. He died in 1071. He is also known as lord of Breteuil.
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1067Odo becomes William's deputy
Odo,the Bishop or Bayeux, became William the Conqueror's deputy in England and was assisted by William Fitz Osbern until Osbern's death in 1071. Odo also became the Earl of Kent and his wealth and land became considerable.
1070Building work at Chepstow
William Fitz Osbern built the hall at Chepstow Castle.1
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      Flambard, Ranulf
 Ranulf was a household chaplain of William Rufus with big ambitions. He became an important advisor to William, organising tax collections and military matters. He took control of the country when William was away. Ranulf became the Bishop of Durham in 1099 but took advantage of his position. When Henry I came to the throne he arrested Flambard to signal to the English people that he would put an end to Rufus' old ways. Flambard was sent to the Tower of London but managed to escape and flee to Normandy. In Normandy Flambard sided with Robert of Normandy against Henry I and organised a invasion plan. The plan failed but luckily for Flambard Henry accepted him back as Bishop of Durham possibly recognising the man's organisational abilities.
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1099Flambard is made Bishop of Durham
Ranulf Flambard is made the Bishop of Durham by William Rufus.
1101JulThe Treaty of Alton
Robert Duke of Normandy landed at Portsmouth with an army and marched up to Alton on the way to London. Here he and Henry signed a treaty where Robert gave up his claim to the throne of England in return for 3,000 marks a year. The treaty also ensured that Robert's supporters would not be punished.
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      Francis (I, King of France 1515-1547)
Born:
Died: 1547

More details to follow. See timeline below.
See AlsoMini Timeline

Early Modern Period (1500-1800) - Under Construction
1515Jan 1Death of Louis XII
Louis XII died at the age of 52 leaving Mary a widow. His nephew, Francis, became the next king of France.
1518OctTreaty of London (Universal Peace)
A treaty was signed in London between the major European countries, England, France, Burgundy and many more. For Cardinal Wolsey this treaty was a plan to produce a peaceful Europe. The treaty stated that the countries must not attack one another and if they did the other countries would come to the aid of those being attacked. Within the treaty was the agreement that Henry's 2 year old daughter Mary would marry the French dauphin.
1520Jun 7Field of the Cloth of Gold
Meeting between Henry VIII and Francis I of France somewhere between Guines and Ardres near Calais. The meeting included a series of tournaments and jousts. The extravagant nature of the event giving the meeting its name.
1521NovTreaty of Bruges
This treaty was conducted in secrecy at Bruges between Charles V and Thomas Wolsey. In the terms of the treaty Wolsey promised Charles that Henry VIII would join him in a joint campaign against France and Francis I. The meeting was held in secret because England was supposed to be a mediator in the dispute between Charles and Francis. The joint attacks of France would have to wait until March or May of 1523.
1547Mar 31Death of Francis I
Francis I, the King of France, died at Rambouillet Castle. He was succeeded by his son Henry.2
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      Francis (II, King of France 1559-1560)
Born: 1544
Died: Dec 1560

Francis was the son of Henry II, King of France. Francis became king of France at the age of fifteen after his father was accidentally killed while taking part in a tournament to celebrate a wedding. Francis was married to Mary, Queen of Scots who had been sent to France for her own protection. The marriage did not not last long as Francis suffered from poor health and he died in December of 1560. They had no children. He was followed by his brother Charles IX.

Family Tree Details
Francis (II, King of France 1559-1560) (b.1544 - d.1560)
  +Mary (Stuart, Queen of Scotland) (b.1542 - d.1587)
See Also

Mini Timeline

Early Modern Period (1500-1800) - Under Construction
1548JulThe French arrive in Scotland
The request of the Scottish Regent, Mary of Guise, for help to fight the English was answered by the arrival of a army of several thousand French. The assistance came on condition that her daughter Mary should marry the French Dauphin, Francis.3
1557DecThe Lords of the Congregation
A group of Scottish Lords signed a covenant promising to support the advancement 'the most blessed Word of God' and to push forward the Reformation in Scotland. This was a move against what they saw as the threat from France with that came from the marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots to the French Dauphin. They called themselves the Lords of the Congregation.3
1558AprBetrothal of Mary and Dauphin Francis
An agreement was reached between the Scottish commissioners and the French king Henry II for the marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots and Francis, the Dauphin of France. The terms of the agreement allowed the Scots to maintain their traditional rights and would become united with France when Francis became King of France. It was also agreed that if Mary died without having children the Scottish throne would go to the Earl of Arran.4
Apr 24Marriage and a secret agreement
Mary, Queen of Scots married Francis, the Dauphin of France. A secret marriage agreement was signed by Mary giving control of Scotland to France if she died without having children. 5
1559JunHenry II killed druing a tournament
Henry II, the French king was accidentally killed during a tournament celebrating a wedding. He was succeeded by his son Francis II.4
SepCoronation of Francis II, King of France
Francis was crowned King of France at Rheims cathedral. The ceremony was subdued because of the untimely death of his father.5
1560DecDeath of Francis II, King of France
Francis suffered from poor health throughout his life and he died at the age of sixteen from an abscess in his brain.5
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      Fulk (I, the Red, Count of Anjou)
Born: circa 870
Died: 942

Fulk was the son of Ingeldar who was a legendary soldier who took control of an area in the Loire valley, now in France. Fulk became the first count of Anjou. He was succeeded by his son also called Fulk and known as Fulk the Good.
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942Death of Fulk the Red
Fulk I, count of Anjou, also known as Fulk the Red, died. He was succeeded by his son, also called Fulk.
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      Fulk (II, the Good, Count of Anjou)
Born:
Died: 960

Fulk the Good was the son of Fulk the Red, first count of Anjou. Under his leadership the region prospered. He had several children and was succeeded by his son Geoffrey who was a legendary soldier.
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942Death of Fulk the Red
Fulk I, count of Anjou, also known as Fulk the Red, died. He was succeeded by his son, also called Fulk.
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      Fulk (Nerra, the Black, count of Anjou)
Born:
Died: 1040

Fulk was the son of Geoffrey Greymantle (Greygown). He became count of Anjou as a teenager in 987 after the death of his father. Fulk was both a fanatical pilgrim and a tyrant. On the one hand he travelled to the holy land three or four times in his life and had built the abbey of Beaulieu-les-Loches, but on the other had his wife burnt at the stake for adultery. Fulk was a fierce warrior both defending his lands and attacking those that opposed him.
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992Battle of Conquereuil
Fulk Nerra defeated the count of Brittany at the battle of Conquereuil.6
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      Fulk (V, of Anjou)
Born:
Died: 1143

Fulk V of Anjou was the grandfather of Henry II from his first marriage to Ermentrude. In 1128 a delegation from Baldwin II, the King of Jerusalem, arrived in France looking for a suitable nobleman to marry his daughter Melisende and become heir to the kingdom of Jerusalem. Baldwin had no sons and so it was important for the right person to become the next king. Fulk's first wife had died and he was chosen as the heir. In 1129 Fulk travelled to th Holy Land and married Melisende. Baldwin died in 1131 and Fulk became King of Jerusalem.

Family Tree Details
Fulk (V, of Anjou) ( - d.1143)
  +Ermentrude
  | =Geoffrey (Plantagenet, 'The Fair', Count of Anjou) ( - d.1151)
  | | +Matilda (Daughter of Henry I) (b.1102 - d.1167)
  | |   =Henry (II, King of England 1154-1189) (b.1133 - d.1189)
  | |   | +Eleanor (of Aquitaine) (b.1122 - d.1204)
  | |   | | =William ((Son of Henry II)) (b.1153 - d.1156)
  | |   | | =Henry ('the Young King') (b.1155 - d.1183)
  | |   | | =Matilda (Daughter of Henry II) (b.1156 - d.1189)
  | |   | | =Richard (I, King of England 1189-1199) (b.1157 - d.1199)
  | |   | | =Geoffrey (b.1158 - d.1186)
  | |   | | =Eleanor (of England) (b.1162 - d.1214)
  | |   | | =Joan (of England, Queen of Sicily) (b.1165 - d.1199)
  | |   | | =JOHN (King of England 1199-1216) (b.1167 - d.1216)
  | |   | +Illegitimate
  | |   |   =Geoffrey Plantagenet (Archbishop of York)
  | |   |   =William Longsword
  | |   =Geoffrey (VI of Anjou)
  | |   =William (Count of Paitin) (b.1136 - d.1164)
  | =Matilda (daughter of Fulk V)
  | =Sybil (of Anjou)
  +Melisende (of Jerusalem) (b.1105 - d.1161)
    =Baldwin (III, King of Jerusalem 1143-1162) (b.1131 - d.1162)
    =Amalric (I, King of Jerusalem, 1162 - 1174) (b.1136 - d.1174)
See Also

Mini Timeline

1110Birth of Geoffrey Plantagenet
Geoffrey Plantagenet was the son of Fulk V, the count of Anjou. Geoffrey would marry Matilda, the daughter of Henry I, King of England.6
1119William Adelin marries Matilda
Fulk V of Anjou married his daughter Matilda to William Adelin, heir to the English crown. Wanting to go on Crusade, Fulk needed to ensure security and a marriage between his family and the English crown could help.
1128Matilda marries Geoffrey Plantagenet
Henry I arranged a marriage between his daughter Matilda and the son of Fulk V of Anjou, Geoffrey Plantagenet. He had previously arranged a marriage between his son William Adelin to Fulk's daughter also called Matilda, but William had died when the 'White Ship' sank returning the Prince from Normandy.
AprHugh de Payen visits Fulk of Anjou
Hugh de Payen travelled around France starting with a visit to Fulk of Anjou who had become an associate member of the Knights Templar order in 1120. Support and donations across Europe for the Templars increased. The visits lasted during April and May.7
1129Fulk V marries Melisende
Fulk V married Melisende, the heir to the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Fulk gave up his title of Count of Anjou which passed to his son Geoffrey Plantagenet.
1131Fulk V becomes King of Jerusalem
King Baldwin of Jerusalem died and Fulk V, who had married the King's daughter Melisende, became the King of Jerusalem.8
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      Fulk Rechin (count of Anjou)
Born: 1043
Died: 1109

Fulk Rechin was the nephew of Geoffrey Martel, count of Anjou. The count had no children so arranged for his lands to be divided between his nephews Geoffrey the Bearded and Fulk Rechin. Fulk received the area of Touraine and Geoffrey received the areas of Anjou and Saintonge, an area on the west coast of France. The brothers Geoffrey and Fulk began to fight amongst themselves and in 1066 Fulk captured Geoffrey and imprisoned him. Fulk became count of Anjou from 1068.
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1066Fulk Rechin defeats Geoffrey the Bearded
Fulk Rechin was at war with his brother Geoffrey. They were fighting over the lands of Anjou and Touraine which had been left to them by their uncle Geoffrey Martel, the count of Anjou. Fulk captured Geoffrey the Bearded and captured Anjou later taking the title of count.6
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Selection of references used:

  1. Sidney Toy,Catles. Their Construction and History,1985
  2. W.H.Hudson,France, The Nation & its Development,MCMXVII
  3. John Prebble,The Lion in the North,
  4. Richard Oram,The Kings and Queens of Scotland,
  5. Antonia Fraser,Mary Queen of Scots,
  6. The Plantagenet Chronicles,
  7. Stephen Howarth,The Knights Templar,
  8. T. Wise,The Wars of the Crusades,
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